一、引言根據(jù)常用材料的不同，結(jié)構(gòu)樓板可分為木樓板、鋼筋混凝土樓板和壓型鋼板組合樓板等幾種類型。木樓板構(gòu)造簡單，自重輕，保溫性能好，但耐火和耐久性差。鋼筋混凝土樓板強(qiáng)度高，剛度好，耐久性及防火性好，而且便于工業(yè)化施工，是目前采用為廣泛的一種樓板。壓型鋼板組合樓板是利用壓型鋼板作為樓板的受彎構(gòu)件和底模，上面現(xiàn)澆混凝土而成。 壓型鋼板的強(qiáng)度和剛度較高，而且有利于加快施工進(jìn)度，結(jié)合裝配式政策要求，是目前大力推廣應(yīng)用的一種新型樓板。當(dāng)壓型鋼板僅作模板用時(shí)，可不做防火保護(hù)層，比當(dāng)作組合樓板使用經(jīng)濟(jì)。但其鋼板厚度不得小于0.5mm，考慮防腐情況，應(yīng)采用鍍鋅鋼板。當(dāng)壓型鋼板除用作混凝土樓板的性模板外，還充當(dāng)板底受拉鋼筋參與結(jié)構(gòu)受力時(shí)，組合樓板應(yīng)進(jìn)行耐火驗(yàn)算與防火設(shè)計(jì)。當(dāng)組合樓板不滿足耐火要求時(shí)，應(yīng)對組合樓板進(jìn)行防火保護(hù)。

　　1、 Introduction: According to different commonly used materials, structural floor slabs can be divided into several types, such as wooden floor slabs, reinforced concrete floor slabs, and composite floor slabs made of pressed steel plates. Wooden floor slabs have a simple structure, light weight, and good insulation performance, but poor fire resistance and durability. Reinforced concrete floor slabs have high strength, good rigidity, good durability and fire resistance, and are convenient for industrial construction. They are currently the most widely used type of floor slab. The composite floor slab with profiled steel sheet is made by using profiled steel sheet as the bending member and bottom formwork of the floor slab, and pouring concrete on top. The strength and stiffness of profiled steel plates are high, and they are conducive to accelerating construction progress. Combined with the requirements of prefabricated policies, they are a new type of floor slab that is currently widely promoted and applied. When the profiled steel sheet is only used as a template, it is not necessary to use a fire protection layer, which is more economical than using it as a composite floor. But the thickness of its steel plate should not be less than 0.5mm, and considering the anti-corrosion situation, galvanized steel plate should be used. When the profiled steel plate is used not only as a permanent formwork for concrete floor slabs, but also as a tensile steel bar at the bottom of the slab to participate in structural stress, the composite floor slab should undergo fire resistance calculation and fire protection design. When the composite floor does not meet the fire resistance requirements, fire protection should be provided for the composite floor.

　　二、壓型鋼板樓板構(gòu)造? 用壓型鋼板做模板的混凝土樓板，僅考慮單向受力，其肋板方向即為板跨方向?？砂闯Ｒ?guī)的鋼筋混凝土密肋板進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。

　　2、 Construction of profiled steel plate floor slabs? The concrete floor slab made of profiled steel plate formwork only considers unidirectional force, and the direction of the rib plate is the direction of the slab span. It can be designed according to conventional reinforced concrete ribbed slabs.

　　三、鋼筋桁架樓承板構(gòu)造?（1）鋼筋桁架板底模，施工完成后需保留的，底模鋼板厚度不應(yīng)小于0. 5mm，雙面鍍鋅量為120~180gm/㎡；底模施工完成后需拆除的，可采用非鍍鋅板材，其凈厚度不宜小于0.4mm，本圖所示鋼筋桁架樓承板為不拆除底模的產(chǎn)品。?2）鋼筋桁架桿件鋼筋直徑按計(jì)算確定，但弦桿鋼筋直徑不應(yīng)小于6mm，腹桿鋼筋直徑不應(yīng)小于4mm。

　　3、 Steel truss floor slab construction? (1) The bottom formwork of the steel truss plate, which needs to be permanently retained after construction, should have a steel plate thickness of no less than 0 5mm, double-sided galvanizing amount of 120-180gm/㎡; If the bottom formwork construction needs to be removed, non galvanized sheet metal can be used, and its net thickness should not be less than 0.4mm. The steel truss floor support plate shown in this figure is a product without removing the bottom formwork.? 2) The diameter of steel bars in steel truss members shall be determined by calculation, but the diameter of steel bars in chord members shall not be less than 6mm, and the diameter of steel bars in web members shall not be less than 4mm.

　　（3）支座水平鋼筋和豎向鋼筋直徑，當(dāng)鋼筋桁架高度不大于100mm 時(shí)，直徑不應(yīng)小于10mm 和12mm；當(dāng)鋼筋桁架高度大于100mm 時(shí)，直徑不應(yīng)小于12mm 和14mm；當(dāng)考慮豎向支座鋼筋承受施工階段的支座反力時(shí)，應(yīng)按計(jì)算確定其直徑。（4）下圖中，h—鋼筋桁架高度；c 一鋼筋保護(hù)層厚度；h—樓板厚度；d—下弦鋼筋直徑；la—受拉鋼筋錨固長度。

　　(3) When the height of the steel truss is not greater than 100mm, the diameter of the horizontal and vertical steel bars of the support should not be less than 10mm and 12mm, respectively; When the height of the steel truss is greater than 100mm, the diameter should not be less than 12mm and 14mm; When considering the vertical support reinforcement to withstand the support reaction force during the construction phase, its diameter should be determined by calculation. (4) In the following figure, h represents the height of the steel truss; C - Thickness of steel reinforcement protective layer; H - thickness of floor slab; D - diameter of the lower chord steel bar; La - anchorage length of tensile steel reinforcement.

　　（5）栓釘抗剪連接件構(gòu)造如下圖所示:為了使混凝土與鋼梁能有效地連接成整體，在鋼梁上設(shè)置栓釘，采用專用栓釘機(jī)進(jìn)行施工

　　(5) The structure of bolted shear connectors is shown in the following figure: In order to effectively connect concrete and steel beams as a whole, bolts are set on the steel beams and a dedicated bolt machine is used for construction

　　四、屋面構(gòu)造屋頂?shù)男问脚c建筑的使用功能、屋頂材料、結(jié)構(gòu)類型以及建筑造型要求等有關(guān)。由于這些因素不同，便形成了平屋頂、坡屋頂以及曲面屋頂、折板屋頂?shù)榷喾N形式。平屋頂通常是指屋面坡度小于5%的屋頂，常用坡度2%~3%。其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是節(jié)約材料，構(gòu)造簡單，擴(kuò)大建筑空間，屋頂上面可作為固定的活動(dòng)場所。坡屋頂一般由斜屋面組成，屋面坡度一般大于10%，城市建筑中為滿足景觀或建筑風(fēng)格的要求也常用坡屋頂。?曲面屋頂是由各種薄殼結(jié)構(gòu)、懸索結(jié)構(gòu)以及網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)等作為屋頂承重結(jié)構(gòu)的屋頂。為減小承重結(jié)構(gòu)的截面尺寸、節(jié)約鋼材，除個(gè)別有特殊要求者外，應(yīng)采用輕型屋面。輕型屋面的材料宜采用輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)，耐火、防火、保溫和隔熱性能好，構(gòu)造簡單，施工方便，并能工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的建筑材料，如壓型鋼板、加氣混凝土屋面板、夾芯板和各種輕質(zhì)發(fā)泡水泥復(fù)合板等。壓型鋼板是采用鍍鋅鋼板、冷軋鋼板、彩色鋼板等作為原料，經(jīng)冷彎形成各種波形的壓型板。具有輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)、美觀耐用、施工簡便、抗震防火等特點(diǎn)。

　　4、 The form of roof construction is related to the building's functional use, roof materials, structural types, and architectural requirements. Due to these different factors, various forms of roofs have been formed, such as flat roofs, sloping roofs, curved roofs, folded roofs, etc. Flat roof usually refers to roofs with a slope of less than 5%, commonly with a slope of 2% to 3%. Its main advantages are material conservation, simple construction, expansion of building space, and the ability to use the roof as a fixed activity area. Sloping roofs are generally composed of sloping roofs with a slope greater than 10%. Sloping roofs are also commonly used in urban buildings to meet landscape or architectural style requirements.? A curved roof is a roof with various thin shell structures, suspension structures, and grid structures as load-bearing structures. In order to reduce the cross-sectional size of load-bearing structures and save steel, except for a few cases with special requirements, lightweight roofs should be used first. The materials for lightweight roofs should be lightweight and high-strength, with good fire resistance, fire resistance, insulation and thermal insulation properties, simple construction, convenient construction, and industrial production capabilities, such as profiled steel sheets, aerated concrete roof panels, sandwich panels, and various lightweight foam cement composite panels. Galvanized steel sheet, cold-rolled steel sheet, colored steel sheet, etc. are used as raw materials, and various waveforms are formed by cold bending. It has the characteristics of lightweight, high strength, beautiful and durable, easy construction, earthquake resistance and fire prevention.

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